同写人文佳话，共筑互信之桥

——中国-印尼副总理级人文交流机制概述

　　2015年5月27日，国务院副总理刘延东访问印度尼西亚，与该国人类发展和文化统筹部长布安在雅加达共同启动中国—印尼副总理级人文交流机制，并共同主持首次会议。这是中印尼人文交流历史上的开创之举。

机制是怎样建成的

　　2013年10月2日，习近平主席对印尼进行国事访问期间，在印尼国会发表演讲，提出“携手建设中国-东盟命运共同体”的倡议，强调要坚持讲信修睦、合作共赢、守望相助、心心相印、开放包容，使双方成为兴衰相伴、安危与共、同舟共济的好邻居、好朋友、好伙伴。在随后发布的《中印尼全面战略伙伴关系未来规划》中，两国元首认为人文交流对加强和扩展双边关系至关重要，同意进一步深化人文交流，扩大民间往来，增进两国人民之间的了解和友谊。

　　2015年3月25日-28日，应习近平主席邀请，印尼新任总统佐科·维多多访问中国。两国元首对两国关系发展表示满意，并强调，中印尼建立全面战略伙伴关系以来，政治互信不断加深，务实合作成果丰硕，人文交流日益密切。在此次会面中，双方决定建立中印尼副总理级人文交流机制，由中国负责人文交流事务的副总理和印尼人类发展与文化统筹部长共同牵头。

　　2015年4月22日，习近平主席出席亚非领导人会议和万隆会议60周年纪念活动，并在会议期间与佐科总统举行会晤。两国元首一致同意继续加强和完善两国各领域合作机制建设，逐步将现有的中印尼副总理级对话、高等经济对话和即将建立的副总理级人文交流机制打造成引领两国政治、安全、经贸、人文领域合作的“三驾马车”，推动中印尼各领域务实合作不断取得进展。

　　2015年5月，刘延东副总理访问印尼期间，与印尼人类发展和文化统筹部长布安共同主持中印尼副总理级人文交流机制首次会议。中国外交部、教育部、科技部、文化部、卫生计生委、新闻出版广电总局、全国青联负责人与印尼的研究、技术和高等教育部等9部委负责人出席会议。双方见证了教育、科技、文化等合作文件的签署。

　　2015年是中国和印尼建交65周年，中国与印尼签署战略伙伴关系文件10周年，也是万隆会议召开60周年。刘延东副总理强调，中印尼共同启动副总理级人文交流机制是落实习近平主席与佐科总统重要共识的实际行动，是两国着眼长远的重大战略决策，也是对中印尼建交65周年的很好纪念，必将增进两国人民互信和友好，对两国关系和本地区区域合作产生重大而深远的影响。

　　中印尼副总理级人文交流机制的建立，是中印尼关系不断深化的结果，为加强两国人文交流构建了新的平台，开启了中印尼关系的新篇章。教育部副部长郝平指出，“这是中国与发展中国家建立的首个高级别人文交流机制”“具有里程碑意义”。

　　

机制的内容和进展

　　2015年5月25日，机制启动仪式顺利举行。在首次会议上，机制双方共同回顾了两国人文交流的重要成果，就副总理级人文交流机制的定位、目标、运行机制、下阶段交流与合作计划达成一致，并发表了《联合公报》。在对未来工作的总体部署上，合作首先将集中在教育、科技、文化、卫生、青年等领域。首次会议期间，刘延东副总理还在印尼大学发表演讲，出席印尼中国电视节目专属频道开播仪式，并为第12届“留学中国”教育展揭幕。

　　中印尼人文交流在近年来越来越呈现出宽领域、多层次、高水平的特点，在副总理级人文交流机制建立这一契机下，中印尼人文交流将坚持官民并举、多方参与、加强统筹谋划，搭建理解、包容、合作的桥梁。

　　在教育合作方面，首先，未来3年，中国每年将向印尼增加提供100个政府奖学金名额；第二，中国政府向印尼大学捐赠价值50万元人民币的教学设备；第三，孔子学院总部邀请100名-200名印尼大学生来华参加2015年“汉语桥”夏令营；第四，鼓励两国大学建立沟通平台，完善智库合作机制，促进非政府组织、社会团体等交流往来。

　　在青年合作方面，将青年交流打造成两国人文交流的旗舰项目，落实好每年百名青年代表团互访活动，增进年轻一代的相互理解和友谊。中国政府鼓励青年到印尼留学，并欢迎更多印尼青年来华留学交流。

　　总体来看，中印尼双方将着力扩大双方人员交流与往来，促进双方各层次、各领域合作，尤其是教育和青年领域，为双方的机制化交流创造更多机会和条件。

　　

展望机制的未来

　　中印尼人文交流机制是中国与发展中国家和新兴经济体之间建立的首个副总理级人文交流机制，也是中国和“一带一路”沿线发展中国家建立的首个人文交流机制，它将为未来中印尼人文交流增强制度和法律保障，对于巩固中印尼全面战略伙伴关系的社会和民意基础、深化两国关系均具有里程碑意义，并对促进中国和东盟国家及“一带一路”沿线国家人文交流，具有重要的示范和先导作用。

　　中印尼全面战略伙伴关系已经发展成为地区乃至全球最具影响力的双边关系之一，它包括政治、安全、经贸、科技、文化等多个方面，而副总理级人文交流机制是推动双边关系的三驾马车之一。人文交流具有软性外交的作用，有助于塑造中国在周边国家的良好形象，消除两国民众彼此偏见，增进相互包容、理解和欣赏。这主要表现在：其一可促进中印尼两国之间的人员往来规模，增进两国相互认识和了解深度；其二可尽量避免将对方政策误解为恶意行为，比如南海问题，从而减少相互猜疑而引发的冲突；其三能增进两国民众感情，扩大两国双边关系的社会和民意基础。中印尼副总理级人文交流机制将是建立互信、互利、互惠、团结协作的中印尼全面战略伙伴关系，最终实现中国－印尼命运共同体、中国－东盟命运共同体的助推器。

　　中国社会科学院亚太与全球发展战略研究院研究员许利平指出，副总理级人文交流机制应当为中印尼未来的人文交流做好“顶层设计”，规划人文交流内容，统筹协调教育、科技、文化、卫生、青年、体育、媒体等领域和地方政府各个部门，两国应努力将此机制打造成为周边国家乃至发展中国家间人文交流的示范机制，从而衔接和引领“10+1”“10+3”人文交流机制。

　　为了更好地发挥中印尼人文交流机制的作用，首先，应结合即将签署的《中印尼全面战略伙伴关系未来五年行动计划》，制定未来3年-5年的人文交流规划，就互设文化中心、青年交流、教育合作、学历互认、旅游合作、高校与智库合作等项目做好科学设计和总体规划，让人文交流项目真正进入普通民众生活中。

　　其次，应加强高层次、智力型人文交流。依托两国一流的传媒、智库、高校、研究所资源，建立沟通平台，完善合作机制，加强相互往来，通过研讨会等形式，加强智库和学者交流，搭建科研合作平台，为推动“21世纪海上丝绸之路”战略，与“全球海洋支点”战略对接，以及基础设施建设、产能合作、中印尼综合产业园区、雅加达至万隆高铁项目建设等国家战略规划提供智力支持，全面提升两国人文交流的知识层次与水平。

　　另外，还应提升两国人文交流的频率和密度。通过青年交流、旅游项目、教育交流合作，实现两国民众的互访、互联、互通，增加频次和密度，充分发挥人文交流机制实现人与人沟通、增进了解、消除误解的作用。

　　2016年既是东盟共同体建成后的第一年，又是中国－东盟建立对话关系25周年，也是中国－东盟教育交流年。在这样一个具有重要意义的年份，中国和印尼当携手合作，全面推动两国人文交流健康、稳定、持续发展，进一步加强人文交流在新时期中印尼关系中的引领和支柱地位。通过第二次机制会议，力争使中印尼双方就人文交流形成新共识、开展新项目、开创新局面，为推进中印尼关系、中国－东盟关系增添新动力和正能量。 （作者孙晓萌系北京外国语大学亚非学院院长，傅聪聪系北京外国语大学亚非学院讲师）

Enhancing Cultural Exc hanges and Building Mutual Trust

—An Overview of the Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism Between China and Indonesia



On May 27, 2015, Vice Premier of the State Council of China Liu Yandong traveled to the Indonesian Republic, where she met with the country’s Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs, Puan Maharani, in Jakarta to launch the Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism Between China and Indonesia and to preside over the first meeting. This was a pioneering initiative in the history of people-to-people exchanges between the two countries.

How Was the Mechanism Established?

　

On October 2, 2013, in a speech to the country’s parliament during a state visit to Indonesia, President Xi Jinping proposed working together to build a closer community of common destiny between China and ASEAN, and emphasized the need to act in good faith, cultivate harmony, promote mutually beneficial cooperation, provide mutual assistance, foster mutual understanding and remain open-minded and inclusive in order to be good neighbors, friends and partners through thick and thin. In the subsequently published Plan of Action for the China-Indonesia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, the two heads of state emphasized the importance of people-to-people exchanges in strengthening and broadening bilateral relations, agreeing to deepen such exchanges in order to increase understanding and friendship between their two peoples.

　

On March 25-28, 2015, at the invitation of President Xi Jinping, Indonesia’s new President, Joko Widodo, visited China. The two heads of state expressed satisfaction at the development of relations between their countries. They stressed that, following the establishment of the China-Indonesia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, both sides have enjoyed deeper mutual political trust, fruitful pragmatic cooperation and increased people-to-people exchanges. During the meeting, the leaders agreed to set up a Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism to be headed jointly by China’s Deputy Premier and Indonesia’s Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs.

　

On April 22, 2015, President Xi Jinping attended an Asian-African summit and activities commemorating the 60th anniversary of the Bandung Conference, and he held talks with Indonesian President Joko Widodo during the summit. The two heads of state agreed to continue strengthening and improving cooperation mechanisms in various areas and to gradually form a cooperation “troika” ? consisting of deputy-prime-ministerial dialogue, high-level economic dialogue and the soon-to-be-established deputy-prime-ministerial people-to-people exchange mechanism ? covering the areas of political security, trade and culture, which will also promote continued pragmatic cooperation between China and Indonesia in a range of fields.

　

Vice Premier of the State Council Liu Yandong visited Indonesia in May 2015, where she co-chaired the first meeting of the Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism Between China and Indonesia with Indonesia’s Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs, Puan Maharani. The meeting was also attended by representatives from China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Culture, National Health and Family Planning Commission, State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, and All-China Youth Federation, and from Indonesia’s research, technology and higher education ministries and commissions. The two sides signed seven cooperation agreements in areas including education, science and technology, and culture.

　

2015 marked the 65th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Indonesia, the 10th anniversary of the signing of the strategic partnership agreement between them and the 60th anniversary of the Bandung Conference. Vice Premier Liu Yandong pointed out that the launch of the Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism represents a practical application of the important consensus reached between President Xi Jinping and President Joko Widodo, and reflects the focus of both countries on long-term major strategic decisions. She also noted that it perfectly commemorates the 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Indonesia and will undoubtedly enhance mutual trust and friendship between the people of both countries and have a profound and far-reaching impact on bilateral relations and regional cooperation.

　

The Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism Between China and Indonesia is the result of constantly improving relations and will provide a new platform for strengthening bilateral cultural exchanges and opening a new chapter in China-Indonesia relations. Vice Minister of Education Hao Ping called the agreement a “landmark”, noting, “It is the first high-level people-to-people exchange mechanism established between China and a developing country.”

Details and Progress of the Mechanism

　

On May 27, 2015, a ceremony was held for the launch of the mechanism. At the first meeting, the two parties to the mechanism looked back on important developments in bilateral people-to-people exchanges, issued a joint communique, and agreed on the mechanism’s positioning, objectives, operating methods and a plan for the next stage of exchanges and cooperation. According to this, future cooperation will focus on seven areas, including education, science and technology, culture, health and young people. During her visit for the first meeting, Vice Premier Liu Yandong also gave a speech at the University of Indonesia, attended the launch of a new Chinese television channel and opened a “Study in China” education exhibition.

　

In recent years, people-to-people exchanges between China and Indonesia have developed in more areas and at more and higher levels. The opportunities presented by the Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism will ensure the continuation of multi-party exchanges by public and private sector actors, serve to strengthen their coordination and help build a bridge of understanding, tolerance and cooperation.

　

In the next three years, the Chinese government plans to make 100 more scholarships available to Indonesian students and donate teaching equipment worth RMB 500,000 to the University of Indonesia, while the Confucius Institute Headquarters（Hanban）will invited 100-200 Indonesian students to China to attend the 2015 Chinese Bridge summer camp. Universities from both countries are also being encouraged to establish communication platforms in order to improve cooperation between think-tanks and promote exchanges between non-governmental organizations and community groups.

　

In the area of youth cooperation, youth exchanges will become flagship programs of bilateral people-to-people exchanges. Every year visits to both countries will be organized involving delegations of over a hundred young people so as to foster mutual understanding and friendship among the younger generation. The Chinese government will encourage Chinese students to study in Indonesia and welcome more Indonesian students wishing to study in China.

　

Both sides are committed to expanding bilateral person-to-person exchanges and promoting cooperation at all levels and in all areas, especially in education and among young people, and to creating more opportunities and conditions for institutionalized exchanges.

Prospects of the Mechanism

　

The mechanism set up by China and Indonesia is the first deputy-prime-ministerial people-to-people exchange mechanism established between China and a developing country and emerging market, as well as the first people-to-people exchange mechanism established between China and a developing country located along the route of the ancient Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road. The mechanism will strengthen institutional and legal guarantees for exchanges between China and Indonesia and is a landmark event in the consolidation of social and popular foundations for the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and deepening of relations between the two countries. It will also play an important exemplary and leading role in promoting people-to-people exchanges between China and ASEAN countries, and between China and countries located along the ancient Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road.

　

The China-Indonesia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership has already developed into one of the most influential bilateral relationships in the region and the world. It involves cooperation in multiple areas, covering politics, security, trade, science and technology, and culture, and the Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism represents one element of the cooperation troika. People-to-people exchanges play a role in soft diplomacy and help shape a positive image of China in the eyes of nearby countries. They also eliminate prejudices the peoples of both countries might hold toward each other and enhance mutual tolerance, understanding and appreciation. This is mainly reflected by the following: first, promotion of personnel exchanges between China and Indonesia, enhancing mutual knowledge and understanding; second, helping to avoid misinterpretations of policies as malicious, for example policies concerning the South China Sea, thus reducing mutual suspicion and potential for conflict; third, improving public sentiment in both countries, expanding the social and popular foundations for bilateral relations. The Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism will provide a boost to the China-Indonesia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, ensuring it is characterized by mutual trust, mutual benefit, unity and cooperation, and ultimately help create a closer community of common destiny between China and Indonesia, and between China and ASEAN.

　

Xu Liping, a researcher from the National Institute of International Strategy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, has pointed out that the Deputy-prime-ministerial People-to-people Exchange Mechanism will provide a top-level design for future people-to-people exchanges between China and Indonesia, helping to plan cultural exchanges and coordinate cooperation in education, science and technology, culture, health, sports, the media and among young people, as well as between local government departments. He also emphasized that both countries should strive to turn the mechanism into a model for people-to-people exchanges between neighboring countries and between developing countries, linking up with and leading such exchange mechanisms between member countries of ASEAN Plus China and ASEAN Plus Three.

　

In order to make better use of the people-to-people exchange mechanism, it should, first of all, be integrated in the Five-Year Plan of Action for the China-Indonesia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership due to be signed soon, with a plan formulated for exchanges over the next 3-5 years and scientific designs and overall plans for projects including cultural centers, youth exchanges, educational cooperation, mutual recognition of qualifications, tourism cooperation, and higher education and think-tank cooperation, so that people-to-people exchanges genuinely become a part of ordinary people’s lives.

　

Second, exchanges between high-level individuals and intellectuals should be strengthened. With the help of first-class media institutions, think-tanks, colleges, universities and research institutes, communication platforms should be built, cooperation mechanisms improved and mutual exchanges strengthened. It is also necessary to strengthen exchanges between think-tanks and academics through seminars and other formats, build research cooperation platforms and provide intellectual support in order to bring the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative into alignment with the Global Maritime Axis strategy and promote national strategies in areas such as infrastructure construction, production capacity cooperation, Chinese and Indonesian industrial parks and the Jakarta to Bandung high-speed rail project. Doing so will comprehensively increase the academic and intellectual level of bilateral people-to-people exchanges.

　

The frequency and intensity of people-to-people exchanges also needs to be increased. Youth exchanges, tourism projects and educational exchanges and cooperation can be used to increase visits, links and communication between the peoples of China and Indonesia, and the exchange mechanism can be utilized to achieve person-to-person communication, enhance mutual understanding and eliminate misunderstandings.

2016 is the first year following China’s commitment to establish a community of common destiny with ASEAN, the 25th anniversary of dialogue relations between China and ASEAN and the China-ASEAN Educational Exchange Year. In this highly significant year, China and Indonesia should work together to comprehensively promote healthy, stable and sustainable bilateral people-to-people exchanges, and further enhance the leading and central role of people-to-people exchanges in China-Indonesia relations in the new era. The occasion of the mechanism’s second meeting should be used to forge a new consensus on people-to-people exchanges between China and Indonesia and create new projects and open up new horizons in order to give new momentum and energy to relations between China and Indonesia, and between China and ASEAN. (Sun Xiaomeng is Dean and Fu Congcong is a lecturer at the School of Asian and African Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University)